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The reasons
for debating and supporting debate include many interrelated facets.
Debate enhances academic skills, bolsters self-confidence and self-esteem,
provides opportunities for personal growth, improves citizenship,
and increases respect for others. Debate is an experiential form
of learning where students learn to apply knowledge directly. They
have a competitive incentive to do well which transcends traditional
grading. Debaters want to perform well for themselves, their peers,
and their instructors. This unique learning environment explains
the success debate training has had for decades.
The Debaters
Whos Who includes a prestigious list of Americas well-known
who have credited debate training with many of their lifes
accomplishments, including Presidents Lyndon Johnson, John Kennedy
and Richard Nixon, Vice-President Alben W. Barkley, Senator George
McGovern, Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Tribe, broadcast journalist
David Bloom, former House Representative Barbara Jordan, and media
mogul Ted Turner. In his autobiography, Malcolm X credits debate
training received while in prison with much of the success he attained
as a respected leader after prison.
In addition
to a list of debate notables, there is some fairly telling evidence
on the value of academic debate. Businesses view debate training
as an important skill when hiring. Many colleges and universities
value debate in admissions policies. Numerous studies have demonstrated
that debate improves academic success and success in life.
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Debate improves
three fundamental academic skills that translate very easily into
a variety of learning environments. Debate teaches critical thinking,
research, and presentation skills at profound levels. The ability
to analyze and evaluate arguments and ideas carefully is vital in
an information age. Few instructional methods teach comprehension,
analysis, and evaluation as well as debate. The competitive motivation
to do well while debating encourages students to think more clearly,
research thoroughly, and prepare their remarks carefully. Once students
have learned these fundamental skills, they become more proficient
in another academic settings.
Competitive
debate also increases knowledge of content. Debaters annually research
thousands of books, academic journal articles, government documents,
think tank reports, magazine and news articles on such broad topic
areas as juvenile justice reform, anti-discrimination policy, environmental
policy, trade issues, military commitments, and foreign relations.
If students debate for four to eight years, they learn a great deal
about public policy analysis, politics, economics and social issues.
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Debate also
affords opportunities for personal growth in several ways. First,
debate improves self- esteem and self-confidence. The ability to
stand up and offer your opinion backed by strong evidence and argument
improves ones willingness to engage in conversation. It makes
you less afraid to learn. It makes you more sure of yourself when
you know that you can research a question and develop an answer.
Win or lose, debating improves self-confidence.
Second, debate
provides the opportunity for positive interaction with peers. Debate
provides students with an opportunity to live together at debate
institutes, to engage each other in social and personal issues in
a safe and encouraging environment, and to know students from different
schools, neighborhoods, and cultural backgrounds. The synergistic
effect on the student is to broaden their opportunities to know
students other than themselves while working together toward a common
goal. A graduate of the Emory National Debate Institute once described
the experience by saying, "While working on an argument together,
I learned that we have a lot more in common than we have differences."
And finally,
debate teaches students to understand the opinions of others. In
modern debate, students engage in switch-side debating. They have
to debate both sides of the same resolution. This aspect of debate
alone makes the activity worthwhile, for students must come to learn
their opponents strongest arguments. They must learn these
arguments both to defend them and to argue against them. Debate
teaches students to appreciate the opinion of others and to disagree
with others with respect.
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There
is growing evidence that debate reduces the tendency to react violently
to frustrating situations. Much of the inexplicable violence we see
today is born of frustration. Words provide a better way of relieving
that frustration and resolving disagreement than fists, knives, or
guns. Beginning studies of competitive debate and violence suggest
that several features found in violence reduction methods coalesce
with the skills debate teaches. These studies point in a direction
that would lead us to believe that debate teaches conflict resolution
skills, improves usable vocabulary, improves self-esteem, and helps
students distinguish argument from personal attack. Each of these
skills would lessen propensity toward violence.
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