Neurological and Psychiatric DiseasesMore than 50 Faculty have research interests towards understanding the neural substrates of neurological and psychiatric diseases. One of the major strengths of our Program is the broad range of basic and clinical research accessible to Graduate students because of the large number of neuroscience faculty part of clinical departments. The proximity of Emory Hospital and Emory clinic are major assets that contribute to the successful development of translational research. The Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology comprise more than 30 Faculty who combine basic and clinical research to understand the neurochemical changes that underlie psychotic and neurological disorders. Emory is acknowledged as leader in the study of the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and experimental therapeutics of Parkinson's and Alzheimer¹s disease and mental disorders. These research areas include a broad range of projects that span from basic in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies in cell culture and animal models to clinical studies in patients. The success of Faculty in these research areas has been recognized nationally by the development of three national Center Grants. Faculty with interests in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases:Gary Bassell gary.bassell@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteThe major research interest of our laboratory is to understand the diverse and critical roles played by local protein synthesis in the central and peripheral nervous system to regulate neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and regeneration. In addition, we are studying how impairments in local protein synthesis contribute to Fragile X syndrone (FXS) and other autism spectrum disorders, as well as two motor neuron diseases: spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral scherosis (ALS). We are using in vitro and in vivo models of synaptic activity, nerve and spinal cord injury, as well as mouse models of neurological diseases, to assess the function of mRNA regulation and local protein synthesis in axon guidance, nerve regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. Efforts are also underway to characterize altered neuronal receptor signaling pathways and evaluate different therapeutic modalities in these mouse models of neurological diseases. Our research utilizes an integrated multi-disciplinary approach that involves cellular, molecular, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral methods and paradigms. These studies are expected to reveal new mechanisms important for neuronal development and function, and targeted approaches for therapeutic intervention that treat underlying molecular defects.  Gregory Berns gberns@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteMy research is aimed at understanding the neurobiological basis for individual preferences and how the biology places constraints on the decisions people make -- a field now known as neuroeconomics. To achieve this goal, we use functional MRI to measure the activity in key parts of the brain involved in decision making. We then link these activity traces to various phenotypes of decision making. For example, we have linked the pattern of activity in the striatum with the receipt of unexpected, salient information with the tendency to alter one's behavior. More recently, we have used the timecourse of activity as a proxy for experiential utility, in the process, bridging the gap between experience and choice. Ongoing research projects are developing these methods to probe decision-making in adolescents as well as group decision-making and the influence of peer pressure at the neurobiological level.  Ranjita Betarbet rbetarb@emory.eduTraining FacultyMy research interests are in the pathogenesis and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. More specifically, the interactions between PD/AD-related genetic factors and external stressors, including mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, proteasomal inhibition, and their involvement in protein trafficking pathways in neurodegeneration. I am also interested in the organizational changes in the basal ganglia circuitry that occur in Parkinson's disease including the dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways.  Nicholas Boulis nboulis@emory.eduTraining FacultyThe Boulis laboratory focuses on the translation of concepts in neural gene transfer and stem cell transplant to the treatment of functional and degenerative disorders of the nervous system. Functional disorders of interest include epilepsy and spasticity as well as the control of aberrant basal ganglion function in movement disorders. Degenerative disorders of interest include Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. To treat degenerative disorders, we have explored a variety of anti-apoptotic and growth factor genes. These are screened through in vitro assays prior to testing in transgenic models. A recent manuscript describes neuroprotection through the delivery of the gene for X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP)1, Bcl-xL2, and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I). Ongoing projects are exploring the application of cervical spinal cord surgery for the injection of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding IGF-I in SOD1 mutant rats.  Cathrin Buetefisch cathrin.buetefisch@emory.eduTraining FacultyMy research is focused on improving the understanding of mechanisms underlying motor system plasticity and developing means to modulate plasticity with the clinical translational aspect of formulating rehabilitation strategies to improve functional recovery in neurological patients. Motor cortex reorganization plays a major role in post-stroke recovery of motor function, and is a primary therapeutic target for rehabilitation. Mechanisms that modify synaptic efficacy, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) are thought to be involved in this process. In my lab, we study mechanisms and means to modulate motor cortex reorganization in the intact and injured brain using neuroimaging techniques, such as functional and structural MRI, and electrophysiological techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and pharmaceutical interventions.  Elizabeth Buffalo Elizabeth.Buffalo@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur research is aimed at understanding the neural mechanisms that support learning and memory. Using neurophysiological techniques, we record simultaneously from multiple electrodes in the hippocampus and surrounding cortex in awake, behaving monkeys. We investigate how changes in neuronal activity correlate with the monkey's ability to learn and remember. We are particularly interested in the activity of neuronal networks that underlie learning and memory processes. We use spectral analysis techniques to investigate the role of oscillatory activity and neuronal synchronization in cognition.  Mike Caudle william.m.caudle@emory.eduTraining FacultyThe developing human brain is exquisitely more susceptible to the damaging effects of toxic agents than the adult brain. As a result, exposure to many environmental toxicants, such as pesticides and other industrial contaminants has been associated with the increased incidence of several neurological disorders, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Parkinson disease. The focus of our research is to gain insight into the contribution that exposure to environmental contaminants makes on the development of neurobehavioral and neurodegenerative diseases, either independently or through their interaction with underlying genetic predispositions. Through the use of cellular and animal models as well as human subjects, we hope to create a holistic understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these disorders in order to facilitate the development of effective therapeutic interventions.  Lih-Shen Chin chinl@pharm.emory.eduTraining FacultyMy research focuses on the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We are using molecular, cellular, proteomic, and biochemical approaches to delineate the molecular pathways by which the mutations in familial PD proteins DJ-1, Parkin, and PINK1 lead to neurodegeneration and to identify additional proteins and new pathways involved in PD pathogenesis (J. Biol. Chem. 279: 8506-8515; J. Comp. Neurol. 500: 585-599; PLoS Biology: 5: e172.). By using a redox proteomic approach, we are characterizing protein targets of oxidative damage in idiopathic PD brains and investigating the gene-environment interactions in PD pathogenesis (J. Biol. Chem. 281: 10816-10824). We are also studying the role of ubiquitination and aggresome formation in PD pathogenesis (J. Cell Biol. 178: 1025-1038). Our goal is to use the mechanistic insights gained from these studies for developing new intervention strategies to treat PD.  Robert Cohen robert.m.cohen@emory.eduTraining FacultyResearch Interest:The lab is focused on (1) furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), (2) developing imaging and biochemical biomarkers of AD to observe the earliest beginnings of the disease and to efficiently evaluate experimental treatments and (3) improving on our predictions of which treatments warrant being brought to the clinic. For these purposes we have been successful in developing a transgenic rat AD model that more faithfully recapitulates the pathology of the human disease. While the model was an essential first step we recognize that it will only be through sustained interdisciplinary team work that we will be able to achieve our goals.  Joseph Cubells jcubells@genetics.emory.eduAssociate FacultyWhile family and twin studies provide strong support for genetic contributions to many common psychiatric disorders, the roles of individual genes in these disorders have been difficult to determine, probably because multiple genes interact with environmental and developmental influences to produce these disorders. Our lab has pursued analysis of endophenotypes as a strategy for reducing the complexity of genotype-phenotype relationships in behavioral disorders. Endophenotypes are traits that correlate or otherwise are relevant to a complex disorder, but which themselves more directly reflect the action of one or a few genes. A major focus of our research to date has been on plasma levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Building on early linkage findings from other groups, we have shown that sequence variation at the DBH locus accounts for up to 50% of the variance in plasma DbH activity, and we have used this finding as a basis for investigation of psychosis in major depression and cocaine dependence.  Mahlon R. DeLong medmrd@emory.eduAssociate FacultyOur research is directed at a better understanding of the functional organization of the basal ganglia and thalamus and the role of these structures in behavior and clinical disorders. We are particularly interested in the role of these structures in voluntary movement and in the pathophysiology of movement disorders. Our research employs the techniques of single cell recording from behaving animals, lesioning with neurotoxins, tract-tracing and combined anatomical/physiologic mapping.  Raymond Dingledine rdingledine@pharm.emory.eduTraining FacultyGlutamate receptors mediate the vast majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. A major research effort in my lab is focused on regulation of glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the brain by the co-activation of selected G-protein coupled receptors. A second research emphasis involves the use of microarray and associated technologies to identify novel targets and pathways involved in the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of epilepsy. These research interests converge and have highlighted a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) signaling pathways in the cognitive deficits, impaired synaptic inhibition, and neurodegeneration caused by seizures. We are currently seeking the prostaglandin receptors responsible for each of these effects; we will then employ a chemical biology approach to develop novel small molecule modulators of these receptors in an effort to interrupt the development of epilepsy. As a whole our work integrates information from a variety of experimental strategies to contribute to a better understanding of epilepsy, with broad implications for other brain disorders including stroke and schizophrenia.  Arthur W. English art@cellbio.emory.eduTraining FacultyThe main interest in my laboratory is enhancing functional recovery following injury to the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral nerve injuries are common clinically but functional recovery from them is rare. Following nerve injury, denervated muscles are deprived of neural control and sensory feedback regulating muscle function is lost. In addition, synaptic inputs onto spinal motoneurons are withdrawn. The slow growth of regenerating axons and the slow reformation of synapses, both in the periphery and in the CNS, are the reasons given for poor functional outcomes. We have found that exercise or electrical stimulation enhances the growth of regenerating axons. Using a combination of transgenic and knockout mice we are investigating the roles played by the neurotrophins BDNF and NT-4/5 in that enhancement, as well as in the reformation of synapses at both neuromuscular junctions and spinal motoneurons. Using chronic electrophysiologic recordings in rats, we are evaluating the effects of exercise or electrical stimulation on functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury.  Andrew Escayg aescayg@genetics.emory.eduTraining FacultyOur lab uses a combination of human and mouse genetics, mouse disease models, molecular techniques, EEG, and genome analysis/bioinformatics in order to determine the molecular basis of inherited neurological disorders. We have a broad interest in neurological disease, including epilepsy, ataxia and other movement disorders, and migraine. Our lab has several mouse lines with mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) which model severe childhood epilepsies (Dravet Syndrome, Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus) as well as absence epilepsy. Current projects in the lab include the contribution of VGSC to excitatory and inhibitory signaling, the mechanisms underlying febrile seizures, the effect of VGSC mutations on stress system function, the mechanisms underlying the stress-epilepsy connection, and the use of one VGSC mutation to ameliorate the more severe phenotype of another VGSC mutation. The long-term goal of our research is to develop better diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases such as epilepsy.  Jonathan D. Glass jglas03@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteMy research focuses on the pathogenesis and treatment of axonal degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Axonal degeneration is the final common pathway of many neurological diseases of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The loss of axons, even in the face of healthy and functioning neuronal cell bodies, disconnects neurons from their targets and causes neurological dysfunction. Understanding the pathogenesis of axonal degeneration will necessarily lead to novel therapies for treating a variety of neurological disorders. Our laboratory has several ongoing projects using animal and cell culture models of disease as well as investigations focusing on people with neurodegenerative diseases. ALS is a primary focus, including experimental studies of axonal degeneration in animal models, toxicity studies of mutant SOD1, and proteomic discovery of ALS biomarkers. We are also investigating the role of cysteine proteases in axonal degeneration and have developed novel protease inhibitors that prevent neuropathy in animals. These compounds and are being developed for use in humans.  Mark M. Goodman mgoodma@emory.eduTraining FacultyResearch interests emcompass PET and SPECT radiotracer development of heart, brain and oncology agents with an emphasis on the design and evaluation of radiolabeled fatty acids for in vivo study of regional fatty acid metabolism in heart disorders, cocaine analogs for in vivo study of the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine reuptake sites in neurodegenerative disease, psychiatric and addictive disorders, heterocyclic spiperone analogs for in vivo mapping of D2 dopamine recpetors in psychiatric disorders, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands for imaging peripheral vascular disease and mappping of intracranial tumors, carbohydrates for in vivo study of regional glucose metabolism in heart disorders, brain disorders, and cancer, and alicyclic and branched chain amino acids for in vivo mapping of intracranial ans systemic tumors.  Shannon Gourley shannon.l.gourley@emory.eduTraining FacultyThe Gourley lab is a behavioral neuroscience laboratory at Emory with a dedicated interest in issues pertaining to drug abuse and stress exposure. Broadly, the Gourley lab focuses on the mechanisms by which pathological stimuli such as stress hormone exposure or exposure to psychostimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate), particularly during adolescence, regulate biochemical and cellular morphology outcomes in the brain and set the stage for behavioral decision-making in adulthood. We utilize transgenic mice, high-resolution confocal microscopy, viral-mediated gene transfer, and behavioral pharmacological strategies to better understand how cytoskeletal dynamics, particularly during adolescence, impact morphological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood. Throughout, special attention is paid to understanding: 1) why and how adolescence serves as a period of vulnerability to the persistent behavioral effects of exposure to stress hormones or drugs of abuse on the one hand, and a window of opportunity for recovery on the other; and 2) the relationship between behavioral traits and stressor and drug resilience.  Robert Gross robert_gross@emory.orgTraining FacultyThe goal of my laboratory is to develop novel surgical therapies utilizing cell and/or gene therapy, or electrical stimulation, for ameliorating neurological diseases: 1) Axon guidance molecules in the development and reconstruction of the nigrostriatal pathway. We have been examining the role of semaphorins and their receptors in the developing and adult nigrostriatal pathway. 2) The role of RhoGTPase in mediating the inhibitory effects of the adult CNS on neural reconstruction. RhoGTPases mediate inhibitory effects of a range of molecules, including semaphorins, on regenerating neurons. To counteract these effects, we have produced a lentiviral vector encoding C3 transferase which catalytically inhibits RhoA, and shown that it markedly increases outgrowth of axons from a variety of cells including neural stem cells derived neurons. 3) The role of microglia in neurotoxin-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. Towards developing novel therapy for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease and other degenerative conditions, we have been examining the role of microglial activation after treatment of young and old rats. We are currently embarking on examining the role of RhoGTPases in mediating the microglial-inhibitory effects of neuroprotective peptides. 4) Closed-loop multi-microelectrode recording and microstimulation in focal epilepsy in the rat. In collaboration with Steve Potter, we are examining whether a novel microrecording and stimulation algorithm is capable of blocking the onset of propagation of epileptic seizures in rat models of epilepsy 5) Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease, Dystonia, Tourette's Syndrome, Epilepsy and Depression. In collaboration with Emory neurologists, experimental protocols are underway to examine STN vs. GPi DBS in PD.  Ellen Hess ehess@pharm.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur laboratory uses molecular, genetic, anatomical and behavioral approaches to determine the contribution of the basal ganglia and cerebellum to normal movements and movement disorders. Our specific interest is the pathophysiological basis of dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by abnormal patterns and strengths of muscle contractions caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia, the cerebellum or both.  Shawn Hochman shawn.hochman@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteWe have broad interests in synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation associated with spinal cord injury, pain, locomotion, and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).  Leonard Howell lhowell@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteDr. Leonard L. Howell has an established research program in behavioral neuropharmacology with a focus on central nervous system stimulants and the development of medications to treat stimulant addiction. The program is multidisciplinary and integrates operant-conditioning techniques to study behavior and drug use, in vivo microdialysis to characterize brain neurochemistry, and functional brain imaging. Ongoing studies investigate in nonhuman primate models the neurochemical mechanisms that mediate drug effects on behavior. Recent efforts have focused on drug-induced changes in brain neurochemistry with in vivo microdialysis in behaving monkeys trained to self-administer cocaine. In addition, Dr. Howell serves as Director of the Yerkes Imaging Center. His neuroimaging program includes drug receptor occupancy, pharmacokinetics, brain metabolism and functional magnet resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake, behaving monkeys. The long-range objective is to develop a unique, multidisciplinary research program in substance abuse that effectively integrates behavior, neurochemistry and functional brain imaging in nonhuman primates.  Xiaoping Hu xhu@bme.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteThe research in our lab lies in the development of biomedical imaging techniques, particularly those based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their application to the understanding of anatomy, function and physiology of brain in its normal state and diseased state. Specifically, we are focusing on functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging and interested in furthering and using these techniques for understanding how brain works at a system level. Current projects include improvement of image acquisition and processing methods, investigation of underlying biophysics and physiology of imaging measurements, and elucidation of neurobiological underpinning of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.  Donald R. Humphrey dhumphr@emory.eduAssociate FacultyOur laboratory focuses upon the organization and the role of the primate motor cortex in the control of learned, skilled movements. Two major areas of research are currently addressed. In the first, experiments are conducted with alert, behaving monkeys in which modern electrophysiological methods are used to examine the plasticity of motor cortical representations of the body. In the second series of experiments, we are examining the extent to which the discharge of motor cortical neurons can be brought under voluntary control by the alert animal.  H. A. (Buz) Jinnah hjinnah@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur research interests are in the biological basis for neurological and behavioral disorders. We have a special interest in the biological basis of dystonia, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary twisting movements and unnatural postures with many different etiologies. Our research strategy involves two complementary approaches. One approach entails studies of biological mechanisms responsible for dystonia in Lesch-Nyhan disease, a rare neurogenetic disorder for which the genetic mutations and biochemical defects are known. The other approach involves the investigation of biological mechanisms shared by different forms of dystonia, with the goal of identifying final common molecular and neural pathways.  Jorge L. Juncos jjuncos@emory.eduAssociate FacultyThe research in this laboratory uses neurochemical and behavioral techniques to study the mechanisms of drug action in the rat central nervous system (CNS). Comparing the effects of selective pharmacological probes and drug administration strategies we hope to better understand the neural basis of motor behaviors in animals.  Richard A. Kahn rkahn@emory.eduTraining FacultyResearch in my laboratory is focused on two areas of cell signaling. One is the regulation of the traffic and processing of transmembrane proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis; including the amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-secretase (BACE), LR11/SorLA, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-like protein (LRP). Particular attention is currently focused on the regulation of their sorting at the Golgi. We seek to better understand the molecules involved and regulatory steps in the generation of the neurotoxic A-beta to allow the design of better ways to prevent Alzheimer's Disease. The other area of research is broader in scope as we study the regulatory links between mitochondrial functions (including ATP generation and reactive oxygen), the cytoskeleton, and cell division. We hope to define the regulatory links between energy metabolism and other cell functions, particularly those defective in chronic disease states. Such an understanding will yield tremendous insights into cell regulation but will also provide researchers with the tools to design the next generation of targeted pharmaceutical for neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases.  Michael J. Kuhar michael.kuhar@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur general interests include the structure and function of the brain, and particulary the deficits that occur in neuropsychiatric disease. There is an emphasis on neurotransmitter systems and their involvement in brain function. A recent focus has been on molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug addiction, and particularly on novel genes associated with the addiction process. Current topics of research include CART peptides, development of medications for drug addicts, and a study of novel genes involved in the addiction process.  Thomas Kukar thomas.kukar@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteThe goal of my laboratory is to develop therapeutic strategies to treat two devastating neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigate disease pathogenesis to identifying new drug targets and use this knowledge to discover potential therapeutic compounds. We are focusing on two main projects. The first is to develop and characterize a new class of drugs called Substrate-Targeting γ-Secretase Modulators (stGSMs) as Alzheimer's disease therapies. stGSMs potently inhibit Aβ42, the putative pathogenic peptide in AD, as well as inhibit aggregation of Aβ42 through direct binding to the peptide. The second project is to understand the role of the progranulin and TDP-43 proteins in neurodegeneration. Genetic and biochemical studies have linked these proteins to Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Our laboratory is using a multi-disciplinary strategy, including chemical and molecular biology, proteomics, neuropharmacology, cell culture, viral vectors, and in vivo models to investigate the normal and pathogenic role of these molecules, and ultimately therapies that are desperately needed for these disorders.  Michelle LaPlaca michelle.laplaca@bme.gatech.eduAssociate FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteWe study injury biomechanics and tissue engineering as they relate to traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. We use a multi-level approach to develop improved tolerance criteria and elucidate the acute cell and tissue response to traumatic loading. We have found that the neuronal plasma membrane is compromised following a traumatic insult and are investigating mechanisms of damage and repair, as well as possible therapeutic interventions. In addition, we have developed tissue engineering methods for the injured brain using bioactive scaffolds and neural stem cells as candidate donor cells. Scaffolds are designed to be injectable and to control cell behavior such as migration and differentiation.  Jim Lah jlah@emory.eduTraining FacultyMy research is driven by the goal of understanding basic pathogenic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specific topics of interest include: regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing through control of intracellular trafficking, analysis of the role of the apolipoprotein (ApoE) receptor LR11 in amyloidogenesis, modulation of APP processing by muscarinic receptor activity, and characterization of new genes involved in AD and neurodegeneration. These questions are being addressed in a variety of cellular and animal models, using plasmid transfections, viral gene transfer, and siRNA techniques combined with biochemical and cell biological analytic methods.  Allan I. Levey alevey@emory.eduTraining FacultyDr. Levey investigates Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative diseases. The laboratory research focuses on pathogenesis of disease, studying novel genetic and proteomic factors and investigating their potential role in the disease as biomarkers and potential sites of action for new therapies. The laboratory is a multi-disciplinary and highly collaborative environment in the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Alzheimer?s Disease Research Center.  Lian Li lianli@pharm.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteMy laboratory studies the molecular basis of neurotransmitter release and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. A current major focus of our work is to delineate the molecular pathways by which mutations in familial Parkinson's disease proteins ( -synuclein, parkin, DJ-1, and UCH-L1) lead to neurodegeneration and identify additional molecular players in the pathogenic pathways. We are also studying regulation mechanisms of vesicular trafficking and investigating the role of abnormal vesicular trafficking and protein ubiquitination in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Our research uses a combination of molecular biological, biochemical, cell biological, proteomic, and molecular genetic approaches, including targeted gene disruption.  Xiao-Jiang Li xiaoli@genetics.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteThe major interest of our laboratory is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which misfolded proteins mediate selective neurodegeneration. We focus on inherited neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, which are caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine domain in proteins associated with various diseases. We are using a combination of molecular neurobiology, biochemistry, cell biology, and transgenic mouse approaches to address how polyglutamine expansion in ubiquitous proteins selectively induces late-onset neurodegeneration. Understanding this issue will also help elucidate the pathogenesis of other age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.  Robert McKeon mckeon@cellbio.emory.eduAssociate FacultyMy lab is interested in examining the response of the CNS to injury, with a focus on identifying factors that lead to neuronal death or axonal regenerative failure. We are particularly interested in elucidating the role of one type of glial cell, the reactive astrocyte, since the astrocytic response to injury has been implicated in processes as diverse as neuronal protection versus inhibition of axonal regeneration. Ongoing projects are designed to examine the role of specific injury-induced growth factors and/or cytokines on astrocytic gene expression, particularly those genes involved with energy mobilization or synthesis of axon growth inhibitory molecules. By understanding the astrocytic response to injury, we hope to devise new strategies to enhance neuronal survival and axonal regeneration.  Andrew Miller amill02@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteWork in our laboratory examines the relationship among the brain, the neuroendocrine system and the immune system as it relates to neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Particular emphasis is focused on the impact of cytokines on the brain and behavior and the role of glucocorticoids and their receptors in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Studies in laboratory animals and humans are conducted, including treatment trials of immune-targeted therapies for depression.  Gary Miller gwmille@emory.eduTraining FacultyOur lab is interested in the role of pesticides (persistent organochlorine insecticides) in the development of Parkinson's disease, with a focus on how these compounds alter the function of the molecules that are responsible for transporting and packaging dopamine. We have recently established novel behavioral methods to assess motor impairment in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. The lab is also interested in the beneficial effects of exercise in neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson's.  Christopher E. Muly ecmuly@rmy.emory.eduTraining FacultyMy research interest is how various forms of experience alter the structural organization of nerve cell communication. We are pursuing this interest in the amygdala, where we are studying how stress alters the distribution and plasticity of glutamate receptors and key signaling proteins. We are also studying how dopamine depletion alters the signal transduction environment in direct versus indirect pathway striatal medium spiny neurons. Finally, we are studying the action of antipsychotic drugs in different brain regions using PET imaging techniques. These studies will inform our understanding of experience and drug mediate alterations in brain functioning and will be relevant to a wide variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including PTSD, Parkinson's Disease and Schizophrenia.  Gretchen Neigh gmccand@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteWhy are some individuals susceptible to the effects of chronic stress while others are resilient? Why are the very young and the very old most susceptible to the physical and mental repercussions of chronic stress? Why are females more adversely impacted by repeated stress than males? Are the effects of chronic stress exposure the manifestation of adaptations to the repeated energetic crises signaled by repetitive and prolonged stress responses? These are a few of the questions addressed by the research in the Neigh laboratory. Our work places particular emphasis on the interactions between the cerebral vasculature and the HPA axis and seeks to understand how changes in cerebral blood supply and metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of somatic and psychological sequela of chronic stress.  Darryl B. Neill dneill@emory.eduAssociate FacultyMy research interests are in the brain systems which control mood and motivation. Besides being of fundamental interest in the general problem of functional organization of the mammalian brain, these systems are also of interest for their possible roles in mood disorders and drug addiction. In my laboratory, we manipulate these systems and examine the resulting behavioral changes. In collaboration with the Justice laboratory in Chemistry, we manipulate these systems and examine the resulting neurochemical changes.  Michael Owens mowens@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur lab's interest is in the biology and treatment of the major psychiatric disorders and can be divided into the following main areas: 1) molecular and cellular pharmacology of antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic drugs, 2) candidate novel targets for drug development (e.g. neuropeptides), 3) pharmacological characterization of novel radiotracers for neuroimaging, 4) developmental pharmacology as it relates prenatal drug exposure, 5) markers for assessing adequate pharmacotherapy, and 5) pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drugs in laboratory animals. These research areas utilize an array of molecular, biochemical, physiological and behavioral techniques.  Thaddeus Pace Thaddeus.pace@emory.eduTraining FacultyDr. Pace's laboratory investigates alterations in resting and psychosocial stress-induced inflammatory immune function in participants with current major depression and/or a history of trauma in the formative years of life. Excessive inflammation is hypothesized to result from insufficient glucocorticoid inhibition of inflammatory signaling that occurs subsequent to abnormal corticosteroid receptor function and/or abnormal cortisol release. Routine measures include plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in circulating immune cells, and in vitro assessments of glucocorticoid sensitivity (determined via proinflammatory endpoints). The lab also investigates the effectiveness of proinflammatory antagonists that target inflammatory signaling pathways (including the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway and mitogen activated protein kinase cascades) to reverse changes in behavior and mood associated with hyperinflammatory states.  Stella Papa spapa@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteWe work in the area of pathophysiology and therapeutics of neurodegenerative disorders. Our research is focused in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. Current projects are based on electrophysiology and Pharmacology/cellular biology techniques using primate animal models. Physiology studies involve recording of neuronal activity in vivo, and pharmacology studies involve behavioral testing, autoradiography, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, etc.  Machelle Pardue mpardue@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteClick To View My Department Website My research interests center around characterizing retinal defects using electrophysiological and anatomical methods and developing treatments for retinal degenerative diseases. The main projects in the laboratory investigate neuroprotective agents that could slow the progression of retinal degeneration, providing potentially years of improved visual function. Such treatments include electrical stimulation produced by retinal prosthetics and anti-apoptotic agents. In addition, we are investigating how defects in retinal pathways and the visual environment influence refractive development.  Brad Pearce bpearce@emory.eduTraining FacultyThe work in my laboratory examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which viral infections and immune activation can lead to neuropathological and psychiatric abnormalities across the lifespan. Our work is cross-disciplinary, combining neuroimmunology and pre-clinical pharmacology with translational (human) research. Much of our research focuses on pregnancy and brain development. We collaborate with obstetricians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and epidemiologists to investigate gene-environment interactions and causative pathways in schizophrenia, autism, and depression. Our long-term goal is to discover biomarkers and potential drug targets for these neuropsychiatric illnesses.  Steve M. Potter steve.potter@bme.gatech.eduAssociate FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteNew Neuroscience Technologies for Studying Learning in Vitro. We are merging software, hardware, and wetware in a new paradigm for neurobiology research, "Embodied Cultured Networks." It brings together top-down (cognitive, behavioral, ethological) and bottom-up cellular, molecular) approaches to studying the brain. We are applying Multi-electrode array culture dishes, 2-photon time-lapse microscopy, and High-speed imaging of neural activity to study cultured networks of hundreds or thousands of mammalian neurons. We are especially interested distributed activity patterns and information processing in these cultured networks. We give them a body, either simulated or robotic, and an environment in which to behave. We developed a real-time feedback system for 2-way communication between a computer and a cultured neural network. In collaboration with Dr. Robert Gross in Neurosurgery, we are using our closed-loop stimulation and recording technology to develop methods for treating epilepsy with electrical stimulation. Information for potential students: Click here  Donald Rainnie drainni@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteMy lab investigates the cellular and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying emotional aspects of cognition, with an emphasis on the role of the extended amygdala in fear conditioning and extinction and its role in stress reactivity and anxiety-like behavior. Multiple techniques are employed to examine the functional and neurochemical connectivity of the amygdala and related structures in an attempt to create a functional map of the intrinsic circuitry, and to determine how sensory information gains affective weight within this structure. These methods range from molecular biology, through in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recording from visually identified neurons, to in vivo multiunit recording from freely moving rats. By understanding how sensory information is processed in the extended amygdala our ultimate objective is to shed light on the cellular processes that may contribute to the development of mood disorders such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder.  Kerry J. Ressler kressle@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteThe goal of my laboratory is to create a program which utilizes the enormous power of molecular biology to approach difficult and important questions in systems neuroscience. I use genes known to be involved in synaptic plasticity to examine plasticity in the amygdala and regions which connect with it during the consolidation phase of fear memory formation. I am also initiating a program to create transgenic animal models for visualizing the amygdala neurons, some of its sensory inputs and the neuromodulatory projections which together mediate some of the important behavioral responses of fear and stress. These models will create novel and powerful tools to begin to address systems level neuroscience questions at genetic, molecular and cellular levels in combination with electrophysiological and neuroimaging approaches to neural circuitry.  Wilfried Rossoll wrossol@emory.eduAssociate FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur main research interest is the biological role of mRNA transport and local translation in neurons and their dysfunction in neurological diseases. The focus of several ongoing projects is on animal and in vitro models of motor neuron disease to study the axonal function of the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) disease protein SMN and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease protein TDP-43 in motor neurons. It is our long-term goal to gain an understanding of the underlying molecular pathology of SMA and ALS that will help us to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In collaboration with the Emory core facilities, we use a variety of approaches. These include primary neuron cell culture, proteomics methods, generation of transgenic mice, engineered TALEN nucleases, AAV vectors for gene delivery into the spinal cord, differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into motor neurons, and the use of compartmentalized cultures and microfluidic devices. In collaboration with the Laboratory for Translational Cell Biology we are also developing human patient-derived stem cell culture models of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disease and high content assays for drug discovery.  David B. Rye drye@emory.eduTraining FacultyOur laboratory seeks to discover the molecular, cell, and brain systems underlying various aspects of normal and pathological sleep/wake behaviors with an eye on improving recognition and treatment for common sleep disorders. Bench research is driven by 'bedside' clinical observations, therefore ensuring that our efforts translate to the human condition. A principal focus is on Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) and associated comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular and psychoaffective disorders) given our discovery in 2007 of the major genetic basis for this common disorder. We are also deeply committed to deciphering the biological basis for maintaining proper alertness throughout the day. We employ anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological techniques in genetically engineered mice, rats, and non-human primates, and complementary investigations in humans. Molecular biological tools are being incorporated into our repertoire informed by ours and deCODE Genetics (Reykjavik, Iceland) collaborative efforts to mine the human genome for the genetic basis for sleep and its disorders.  Krish Sathian krish.sathian@emory.eduTraining FacultyOur research interests are Tactile perception, its neural basis and its alteration in neurological disorders. Neural plasticity in the tactile system. Cross-modal interactions between tactile and visual systems. Visual attention and its neural basis. Neurological rehabilitation with special reference to stroke and blindness.  Yoland Smith yolands@rmy.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteThe main research interest of my laboratory is to understand the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and characterize changes in the synaptic plasticity of the basal ganglia in normal and pathological conditions. To achieve these goals, we have developed a collaborative, interdisciplinary research program that uses in vitro and in vivo anatomical, electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches to study the functional organization of the basal ganglia in normal nonhuman primates and in animal models of Parkinson's disease. This work is complemented with behavioral studies of novel surgical and pharmacologic therapies for Parkinson's disease in nonhuman primates.  Donald G. Stein dstei04@emory.eduTraining FacultyWe are a translational laboratory studying the role of neurosteroids, especially progesterone and its metabolites, in recovery of function after traumatic brain injury and stroke. We are highly interdisciplinary and work from the laboratory bench, using the latest cell culture, molecular biological and immunocytochemical techniques, to the patient's bedside, where we combine our efforts with medical colleagues in emergency medicine, neurology, radiology, pediatrics and neuro-ophthalmology to examine how different kinds of brain injuries can be repaired at the morphological and functional levels. Working closely with local and national clinical colleagues in emergency medicine, we are currently testing progesterone in traumatically brain-injured patients to reduce mortality and enhance functional recovery.  Stephen Traynelis strayne@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteMy laboratory studies the basic mechanisms underlying the function and regulation of ligand gated ion channels involved in excitatory synaptic transmission. Our goal is to use this information to understand normal brain functions that involve synaptic transmission such as learning and memory. In addition, information about regulation of the ion channels involved in excitatory synaptic transmission may provide insight into the neuropathology of epilepsy and stroke.  Elaine Walker psyefw@emory.eduTraining FacultyPsychotic disorders involve an abnormality in central nervous system functioning. Our research program is concerned with shedding light on the nature and origins of this abnormality, its interaction with adolescent neuromaturational processes, and the role of environmental stressors in triggering psychotic episodes. We are studying the developmental precusors of psychosis in order to identify premorbid manifestations of dysfunction, including neurohormonal and genetic factors. Research on stress hormones and their effects on cognitive functions and brain structural and functional characteristics is also being conducted.  Lary Walker lary.walker@emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteOur lab works on developing more representative transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease; clarifying the mechanisms whereby amyloid proteins form pathogenic assemblies in vivo; and the role of aging in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Areas of particular interest include the seeded induction of proteopathy in the brain, somatic cell gene transfer, and evaluating the efficacy and safety of therapeutic immunization for Alzheimer's disease in animal models.  Stephen Warren swarren@genetics.emory.eduTraining FacultyOur laboratory seeks to understand the genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disease. A longstanding interest is in inherited cognitive deficiencies, such as fragile X syndrome and autism. For fragile X, the field has matured from our initial cloning of the responsible gene to now conducting drug screens and clinical investigations. For autism we are still searching for responsible genes, but now using cutting edge technologies made available through the genome project. Similarly, we have two large studies underway examining genomic variation (both in sequence and in structure) seeking genetic contributions to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predisposition using case/control as well as family-based approaches.  David Weinshenker dweinshenker@genetics.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsiteMy lab combines genetically engineered mice with altered noradrenergic signaling and pharmacological tools to explore the influence of norepinephrine on behavior, physiology, and neurochemistry. Specific areas of interest include drug addiction, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression, and hibernation.  Thomas Wichmann twichma@emory.eduTraining FacultyWe are interested in understanding the function of the basal ganglia in the normal state and in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dyskinesias. These experiments will help to develop new rational treatments for these diseases that can then be used in humans. For these studies we are using a combination of electrophysiologic, biochemical and anatomical methods.  Steven L. Wolf swolf@emory.eduTraining FacultyMy primary interests involve instrumented learning of motor control in human subjects. As part of that learning we are now engaged in examining associations between cortical reorganization and functional improvements among individuals who have sustained a cerebrovascular accident as they are forced to use the impaired upper extremity while the better upper limb is immobilized. Cortical reorganization is assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional MRI. We also assess kinetic changes in upper limb use during efforts to manipulation the environment. We have started a series of studies using TMS to create upper extremity muscle maps in able-bodied humans as a basis for ascertaining motor cortical plasticity following interventions designed to enhance motor control. Another focus of this laboratory involves examining postural control and gait in older adults who undergo novel treatment interventions, such as Tai Chi, which are designed to reduce or delay fall events. Last, we continue to study morphological and physiological aspects of multi-joint muscles to further comprehend their kinesiological significance.  David W. Wright dwwrigh@emory.eduAssociate FacultyThe focus of my research is on the pathophysiology of neuroinjury and the development of early interventions and treatments. My current research focus is to determine if the administration of neurosteroids are effective in mediating neuroprotection and neurorepair after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our research demonstrates the progesterone and allopregnanolone reduce cerebral edema, loss of neurons, inflammatory cytokine production, lipid peroxidation, and improve behavioral outcome after experimental TBI.  James Zheng zhengjq@cellbio.emory.eduTraining FacultyClick To View My Lab WebsitePrecisely-wired neuronal circuitry underlies the proper and complex functions of the nervous system. We investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a variety of developmental events that lead to the construction of the complex nervous system. Our current focus is on the signal transduction and cytoskeletal mechanisms underlying neuronal migration, axon growth and guidance, and synaptic plasticity. Our goal is to not only provide a mechanistic understanding of these crucial developmental events, but also gain substantial knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of wiring defects associated with brain abnormality, degeneration, and mental illness. It is our hope that these basic studies will build the foundation for developing potential strategies and treatments to promote regeneration and repair of damaged neuronal circuitry after neural injuries and degeneration.  Stuart Zola szola@rmy.emory.eduAssociate FacultyOur research program is focused on identifying the brain structures important for memory and delineating how these structures separately and in combination contribute to memory function. Our work in animals currently includes monkeys and rats, and the behavioral tests we use to assess memory in our experimental animals are based in large part on our experience with testing human amnesic patients. We use a variety of memory tasks, brain imaging, conditioning paradigms, and naturalistic behaviors, and more recently have been developing the use of reversible lesions to study both declarative memory (mediated by the temporal lobe) and nondeclartive memory (mediated by brain regions outside the temporal lobe). Additionally, we study emotional behavior and its link to memory function in humans and animals.  |
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S. Sober Lab - Bengalese Finch with headphones. The headphones allow manipulation of the way the birds hear their own songs so that we can study how the brain processes auditory information and learns from experience.
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M. Wilson Lab - GABA(A) binding in the rhesus macaque
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L. Ting Lab - Combining biomechanical models of posture and balance with human experimental data
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