Untitled Document

The information in this document is based on my own experiences. It has been carefully checked. However, no responsibility is assumed if any one copied this document as their reference.

UNIX Commands

rt('/vnmr/tests/H1lshp') ------retrieve parameters;;; svs and rts

For the ubundo server (Dell T3100) and mounted to other NMR Sun computers and Dell computers, after power down/up, the connection lost between Sun (Mercury, I400, I600 and U600)----- Dells are OK. To fix the problem:

login as root: cd /etc/dfs/dfstab. there is a line start with mount -F 8888888. copy this line to # and then press return. If it return back to #. the disk has been re-mounted. and OK to use again.

Change IP address on a SUN workstation:

1. Change the hosts file
./inet/hosts 170.140.188.67 inova700.emory.edu loghost
170.140.188.69 other.emory.edu other_name

2. vi /etc/defaultrouter
170.140.191.254

3. vi /etc/netmasks
170.140.0.0 255.255.255.0

THEN REBOOT THE COMPUTER

Netstat –rn to check.

\***********

How to clear the login file

The login information is stored in /var/adm/wtmp (on SPARC 5) or /var/adm/wtmpx (on Ultra 1 or later). System administrators can use this file by command last to manage user accounts and other information. For every two to six months, this file should be cleared before it is getting too big to handle easily.

>su
>password for superuser
# cp /dev/null /var/adm/wtmp(x)

#cat /dev/null > /var/adm/wtmp(x)

#cat /dev/null > anyfile

uname -a

printon ifconfig('display') printoff

Mount USB drive on Blade1500 or 150.

the c1t0d0s0 is the first mount point for your USBFD. Type the following to mount the USBFD:

# mount -Fpcfs /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0:c /mnt

To access the files in the USBFD:

#cd /mnt

#cd /

#umount /mnt

If the dir is still in /mnt, then you could not umount /mnt. Error message: the device is busy

SUN:

%showrev

Commands for tape operation :

Tape Utility

%mt -f /dev/rst0 retention (rewind)*

Tape Copy

%tcopy /dev/rst0 /dev/rst1 rst0-source rst1 --target

Tape Dump

#/usr/etc/dump 0cdstfu 1000 700 18 /dev/rst0 /dev/sd3c (/dev/sd0a;/dev/sd0g) 150Mb tape This dump can be recovered by mini root!!!!

#dump 0cdstfu 1000 425 9 /dev/rst0 /dev/rsd0a On Omega600 (60Mb tape)

Recover some files from the dump tape

#restore -i

restore>ls List files on the tape

restore>add file name

restore>extract you may extract file into a temp.dir first

Tape Backup

#../tar cvf /dev/rst0 dir-to-be-backup

#../tar tvf /dev/rst0 ---list file on the tape

#../tar xvfp /dev/rst0 ./restoredir (current dir)

DATA Compression and Tape Backup

#tar cf directoryname.tar directoryname ------compress all files in the directoryname

#rm -r directoryname

#compress directoryname.tar -------a new file name will be -------.tar.Z

#tar cvf /dev/rst0 -----tar.Z ------save the file on a tape

*******Retrieve the files

#tar xvf /dev/rst0 ------tar.Z

#uncompress ------tar.Z -----a new file will appear -----.tar

#tar xf ----.tar ----all files will appear in the directory

Note 1 : Directories cannot be compressed. The above way is much better. In Varian, an FID file is a directory, rather than a single file. You must use above method to compress. In Omega, an data file(2D) can be compressed.

Note 2 : Due to the tar command, this procedure temporarily requires almost twice the disk space before the duplicate file is removed, during both compressing and uncompressing.

Networked Use of a Tape

To read a tape catalog of a remote tape located on a remote computer named "icet":

#rsh -n icet dd if=/dev/rst0 bs=20b | tar tvfbB - 20

To read all files from the remote tape:

#rsh -n icet dd if=/dev/rst0 bs=20b | tar xvfbB - 20

To read named files from the remote tape:

#rsh -n icet dd if=/dev/rst0 bs=20b | tar xvfbB - 20 filename1 filename2 ...

To write named files to the remote tape:

#tar cvfb - 20 filename1 filename2 ....| rsh icet dd of=/dev/rst0 obs=20b

Tape Operation on Sun and INDIGO

On SUN (Omega600) tar cvf /dev/rst0 file_names

Retrieve into INDIGO tar xvf /dev/tapens

Silicon Graphics

/root/usr/etc/dump 0uf /dev/tape /dev/usr

/bin/tar cvf /dev/tape /root/usr/people

All can be done in file manager

%mt rewind

%mt retention

Commands for DISK operations

%fdformat %fdformat -L (low density formate)

eject Eject disk. Do not use eject into NMR shell, it will eject the sample.

bar tvf /dev/rfd0 -----list file on the dev/rsd0

bar cvf /dev/rfd0 ./backup-dirname -----copy dir-name to tape

bar xvfp /dev/rfd0 ./restoredir

bar rvf /dev/rfd0 .

warning: your all files on the disk will replaced by new files, if you want keep the old files, you can copy the file back to the system in the same DIR, then backup all the files in the same DIR.

Power off and on for SUN:

logout and loging as root or su

#shutdown -h now

Turn off the power in sequence to :

1. all external drive units (hardisk, tape drive, CD ROM)

2. CPU power.

3. Monitor.

Turn on the power in this sequence :

1. External drive units (Starting with the unit farthest from the system unit on the SCSI

bus)

2. monitor

3. CPU Power.

I am not sure it is working or not!!!

System Crash and Load Dumped file system

power on (if power is already on, don't turn off)

L1 A

ok>probe-scsi (see three device alive)

ok>boot tape (boot on tape, insert tape with mini root)

answer several questions

(format)?

(partition)?

#/etc/unmount /a

#newfs /dev/rsd0a (the first device you want to restore) not necessary if the disk has been formatted before. It is for new disk only.

#mount /dev/sd0a /a

#cd /a

#restore rvf /dev/rst0 /a (it takes hours!!!!, you do retention several times, if the tape not used for several months)

#rm restoresystable

#umount /a

#newfs /dev/rsd0g (the second device you want to restore)

#mount /dev/sd0g /a

........

#umount /a

#rm restoresymtable

L1 A boot (reboot the system and done)

(installboot /a/boot bootsd /dev/a)

boot st()

boot tape

boot vmunix.old (there are several kernel in root with *)

ok>probe-scsi

/usr/etc/extract

Network for Sun Workstation

After reinstall the file system, the following file should be checked.

/etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost

170.140.39.1 gn600 loghost ----------IP address for gn600

170.140.39.4 euch2e INDIGO ----------IP for other computer

telnet euch2e or IP both work, if not in here, you have to type IP for ftp and telnet.

/etc/rc.boot

hostname=Omega #after reboot the hostname will changed to Omega,

whenever

#you can set the hostname by #hostname gn600 command.

/etc/netmasks

170.140.39.0 255.255.255.62 ------chemistry department. Emory

/etc/networks

loopback 127

#ifconfig le0 170.140.39.1 up

If all hardware work, it should work by using ping command

#ping 170.140.39.1

170.140.39.1 is alive #other IP# should have the same response .

The last command for accounting and managing the cpu usage.

#last | lp;

#Last > file_name

#sort file_name > sorted_file

Update the Last file ( Start a new accounting):

cp /dev/null /var/adm/wtmp (empty of "last" command)

ac -d sxwu

%who > temp_who send "who" file to temp_who

Add a New User (Omega600, INOVA, UNITY, Sun and INDIGO)

Sun

#cd /usr/etc/install/add_user sxwu 2300 34 "shaoxiong wu" /home/sxwu /bin/csh

#passwd sxwu

put a new passwd twice(the first character must be a letter)

Add a New User In Omega600

#AddUser

Add a New User In UNITY400

#/vnmr/bin/makeusr

cp /home/vnmr1/.defaults /home/New_ID

cp /home/vnmr1/.Xdefault /home/New_ID

Change the printer setup for the new account: Use LaserJet 4 for both printer and plotter.

Convert Omega file to INDIGO(Felix file)

%export Omega_data header.h data.d two new files will generated

%omegaout

header file: header.h

data file: data.d

out file: felix.dat A new file will generated.

Use ftp and set it to binary to transfer the data from Sun to INDIGO.

Put omegaout into /bin, everyone can execute this command.

FTP Operation

ftp IP#

mget *

binary ----set to binary

bye for quit ftp

cd;ls; .... all works

cdl ----change local dir

UNIX Commands

%nsloopup name server look up. check IP number for an address

mv f1 f2

cp f1 f2; cp -r dir1 dir2

rm file_name rm -r directory

date; cal 1977;cal 2 1956

write

rmdir

mkdir

!! repeats previous command

alias dir ls -alF will allow you to use dir to perform the command ls -alF

alias no argument will display all current aliases

talk user_name who is current log on

env ------------check UNIX working environment

cal 1993

head 5 file_name

tail 5 file_name

chmod a+rwx filename 744 755 700 644;;;;; chown change ownership

ls -al;-lg;-F;-r;-l;-C;-ld;-i

finger userid

stty -a

du;df ;clear

cat > file_name (keyboad input a file)

cat f1 f2 f3 > f123

cat date >> temp

ps -ax

%arch -k check arch on omega600 sun4e

/usr/etc/catman -w for shorcut man page

man -k passwd

#mount /dev/sd2g /big

%fsck file system checking

ping -s IP# check file transfer speed

ifconfig -a

look at images:

setup xv

xv *

in icet:

xhost +

telnet 128.113.5.82

setup xv

setenv DISPLAY 128.113.21.11:0 (for display on the icet)

xv *

man tar | lpr send tar man page to the printer

#hostname display hostname

#hostname omega600 set hoatname to omega600

ps -aux

find / -name “file_to_be_found” -print

vi editor:

vi -r filename (is for retrieve a file which is interrupted)

:set showmode

:set nu set #; :num goto line num

:set flash

:w file_name; w: /dir/filename

:set number display line numbers for text

:set nu or :set nonu

ctr -H erease a char

ctr -u kill the line

ctr -w erease a word

ctr -R redraw the screen

G goto end of file; 5G goto fifth line

^D move down; ^U move up ^B move back

:/test CR string searching

o open a new line below; O open a new line above

2dd delete 2 lines u undo the last command

Y save line in buffer; p put saved line after cursor

^L refrash screen

ZZ save and quit

***************************************************************

HPLj does not print:

#lpc

lpc>status -check printer status

lpc>help

lpc>restart lw

#lprm - get rid of que-files

#lpc up all

GE500 Omega600 NMR Commands

filter -p on/off

vol 800 or 2000 for adjusting filter on the modular

a alias_name "cd /home/sxwu"

***************************************************************

Some Important Notes:

in the /etc/hosts file

shouldn't comment out the first line 127.0.0.1

if did, when boot it up, and login, error message

"Unable to resolve host localhost"

SG For Chemagnetic Solid State NMR(The problem may resolved already)

The system can not login, (halted on the login screen)

reset the system

<ESC> for Diagnostic

menu; install; sh

#ls sys*

#cat sys*

(if not there edit it by)

#ed sys*

1,700000

rboot by press reset button

******************************************************************************************

If there is a file in /usr/adm. called .profile and there is adm account in the passwd file, the login prompt will be:

funny like no uid ......

delete these things, it will be batter.

New SCSI Hard DISK Installation and Partition

Note: Read the document come with the Hard drive. ID setting, Power, Connecting and termination. Turn off all power supply. After installed, turn on the computer. It should boot up.

ok>probe-scsi the new disk should show up.

after reboot

#format

see the including document.

#mount /dev/sd2g /big

"big" is a sub directory under /

#format

Select the disk sd0 for root, rd1 for data disk

format>partition

partition>print list the current partition

#newfs /dev/rsd1a

PLEASE READ THE ENTIRE DOCUMENT BEFORE PROCEEDING

Before You Begin Partitioning

Caution - Changing an existing a partition wipes out any information you have stored on that partition. Unless this system is brand new, you should make certain you have backups of any important files on the system. Back up the entire disk. See System and Network Administration for instructions on making backups.

1. Log in as superuser (root)

2. Start /etc/format

3. from the format prompt, select "partition."

4. from the partition> prompt, select "print" to display current partitions

5. If necessary, "zero out" all but the "c" partition (this is generally recommended when multiple partitions are being redefined.)

5a. select the letter for the first partition to configure

5b. at "Enter new starting cyl" type 0 (or whatever is appropriate)

5c. at "Enter new # block" type 0 (or whatever is appropriate)

Perform steps 5a, 5b and 5c for each remaining partition (except "c")

6. from the partition> prompt, select the first partition to be changed

(i.e., partition "e")

7. Determine how many megabytes you wish to dedicate to the selected partition. Multiply the number of megabytes by 2048 to determine the number of blocks required to generate your partition. For example, a 500MB partition consists of 1024000 blocks.

partition> e

Enter new starting cyl: 0

Enter new # blocks: type the number of blocks from step 7

partition> print

partition e - starting cyl 0, # blocks 1024000 (718/8/90)

8. Make sure the cylinders start and end on even boundaries; the track and block numbers should be 0. For example, the partition above does not end evenly at cylinder 718 (718 / 8 / 90 = cyls/tracks/blocks). If a partition does not start or end on an even cylinder boundary, chose the partition again from the menu but this time "round up" (or down) the value you enter at the "new # blocks" prompt as follows:

partition> e

Enter new starting cyl: 0

Enter new # blocks [1024000, 718/8/90]: 719/

partition> print - verify partition looks like: (719/0/0)

partition e - starting cyl 0, # blocks 1024575 (719/0/0)

9. Select the next partition to define (i.e., "f")

10. If "f" is NOT to be the remainder of the disk, calculate the size of i.e.,

300MB x 2048 = 614400 blocks).

partition> f

Enter new starting cyl: 719 (same as new # blocks of partition "e")

Enter new # blocks: 614400

partition> print

partition f - starting cyl 719, # blocks 614400 (431/2/35)

11. Adjust the cylinder boundaries for "f" as in step 8 above.

partition f - starting cyl 719, # blocks 615600 (432/0/0)

12. Select the next partition to define (i.e., "g")

13. If "g" IS to be the remainder of the disk, calculate the starting cylinder by adding the cylinder values for partitions "e" and "f" (i.e., 719 + 432 = 1151). Calculate the "new # of blocks" by subtracting the starting cylinder # from the total cylinders for

partition "c" (i.e., 1890 - 1151 = 739).

partition> g

Enter new starting cyl: 1151

Enter new # blocks: 739/

partition> print

partition a - starting cyl 0, # blocks 0 (0/0/0)

partition b - starting cyl 0, # blocks 0 (0/0/0)

partition c - starting cyl 0, # blocks 2693250 (1890/0/0)

partition d - starting cyl 0, # blocks 0 (0/0/0)

partition e - starting cyl 0, # blocks 1024575 (719/0/0)

partition f - starting cyl 719, # blocks 615600 (432/0/0)

partition g - starting cyl 1151, # blocks 1053075 (739/0/0)

partition h - starting cyl 0, # blocks 0 (0/0/0)

14. Make sure the sum of blocks for all new partitions equals the total blocks for partition "c" (the entire disk).

1024575 + 615600 + 1053075 = 2693250 blocks for partition "c"

15. Make sure the sum of cylinders for all new partitions equals the total cylinders for partition "c" (the entire disk).

719 + 432 + 739 = 1890 cylinders for partition "c"

16. If you wish, you may save your work to a named partition table in the /etc/format.dat file. Do this by selecting 'name' and then entering a name for the new table such as "M1908 3 partitions" (don't forget the quotes). In the future you may access this table with the 'select' from the same menu.

17. Quit the partition shell, label the disk and quit the format shell.

partition> quit

format> label

Ready to label disk, continue? y

format> quit

18. Run newfs on each of your new partitions, create mount points, mount them, and make /etc/fstab entries as appropriate.

NOTES:

If you wish to start over at any point during repartitioning, type "quit" until you get back to a system prompt. DO NOT RELABEL the disk before quitting the format shell. This will discard all changes you may have made to the partition table. After repartitioning the disk you must relabel the disk in order for the label to reflect the changes. SunOS limits partitions to a maximum size of 2 gigabytes each. This means any disk with formatted capacity greater than 2GB must have a minimum of 2 partitions in order to exploit all its space. For example, you may wish to create a 2GB partition for a database and allocate the remainder to another partition. Allocate 3906250 blocks to generate a maximum sized (2GB) partition.

Alternatively, you may wish to create 2 or 3 equal-sized partitions on a disk. It is sometimes easier to do this by dividing the "cylinders" value for partition "c" (the whole disk) by 2 or 3. This will tell you how many cylinders to dedicate to each partition. Tack any remainder on to the partition of your choice.

Each partition must have a WHOLE NUMBER value for # of cylinders and the sum of cylinder values for all partitions must be equal to the value of "c" with no remainder. Follow the procedures above for determining the starting cylinder for each partition; enter the values you calculated when you the partition "c" cylinders by 2 or 3 at the "enter new # of blocks" prompt using the form "###/" (no quotes, where ### is the value).

If you wish, you can use the SunInstall program from cdrom instead of format(8S) to change the size of any partitions other than root or swap. (SunInstall may also be use to enlarge the swap partition, but it may be easier to add swap space using the swapon command.)

end