Fluoroscopic
Imaging Systems
Learning
Objectives
References
and Resources
Mind
Map Summary
Learning
Objectives
- Draw
a cross sectional view and identify the components of an image
intensifier tube.
- Describe
the operation of an image intensifier tube,
including the different image carriers (photons and electrons) that are
utilized in the tube.
- Describe
the concepts of brightness
gain, minification gain, and flux (electronic) gain as applied to an
image intensifier.
- Show
how the total gain is computed from the
minification gain and the flux (electronic) gain.
- Define
conversion factor for an image intensifier.
- A
fluoroscopic system is switched to the enlargement mode so that the center 6
inches of the input screen is visualized in place of the entire 9 inch
diameter screen. If the
brightness of the output screen remains constant, estimate the relative
increase in exposure rate that has occurred.
- Sketch
and explain the function of the typical optical
beam-splitter used to permit televised fluoroscopy and spot filming
or cine-radiography.
- Describe
briefly the video process whereby an image on
the output screen of an image intensifier is transferred to the screen of a
television monitor.
- Explain
the process of video line interlacing and why
it is used.
- Describe
video image fields and frames
and the times associated with each.
- Describe
the factors that influence the horizontal detail
(blur) and the vertical detail (blur) of
a fluoroscopic image and how you can change
detail during a procedure.
- Describe
the principles of operation of an automatic brightness
control unit used with fluoroscopy.
- Describe
the principle factor that affects quantum noise
in fluoroscopy.
- Describe
the process of evaluating a fluoroscopic system for quantum
noise .
- Explain
how the quantum noise level can be changed.
- State
typical and regulatory
maximum exposure rates to patients with normal fluoroscopy.
- Identify
the major factor that produces high patient and staff
exposures during fluoroscopy.
- Explain
the purpose of the High Level Control (HLC)
fluoroscopic mode, when is it used, and potential hazards.
References
and Resources
1. Chapter
20. The
Physical Principles of Medical Imaging, 2ndEd. Perry
Sprawls. Medical Physics
Publishing.
Resources on
the Web
Mind
Map
